Unit 6 Vocabulary: Medicine and healthcare 字彙：醫學與健康照護

閱讀單字、定義及例句，用字典查找每個單字的其他詞性。

6-1 本課重點

procedure (n) 在醫院或醫生診所進行的醫療處置

monitor (n or v) 檢查

interpret (v) 解釋某件事情的意義

An ECG (electrocardiogram) is a medical procedure that is used to monitor the heart’s electrical activity. The results of the test are interpreted by a doctor.

ECG（心電圖）是一種用於監測心臟電活動的醫療程序，並由醫生判讀檢測結果。

surgery (n) 為提供治療而切開患者身體的過程

anesthesia (n) 使用藥物來防止手術過程中的疼痛感

Some types of dental surgery, such as tooth extraction, require only local anesthesia.

有些牙科手術，例如拔牙，只需要局部麻醉。

side-effect (n) 藥物在治療疾病的主要效果外所帶來的負面影響

One possibly dangerous side effect of taking aspirin is stomach bleeding.

使用阿司匹林的一個潛在危險副作用是胃出血。

neurology (n) 研究神經系統的學科

disorder (n) 疾病，問題

Neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system.

神經學是處理神經系統失調的醫學分支。

virus (n) 一種可能引起疾病的病原體

symptom (n) 症狀

Influenza is a virus that is spread by coughing and sneezing. The symptoms are fever, sore throat, and a runny nose.

流感是一種病毒，藉由咳嗽和打噴嚏傳播。其症狀包括發燒、喉嚨痛和流鼻水。

hygiene (n) 清潔，衛生

prevent (v) 阻止

infection (n) 由病原體或細菌引起的疾病

Maintaining hospital hygiene by sterilizing surgical instruments and washing hands frequently is vital to preventing the spread of infection.

以消毒手術設備和經常洗手來維持醫院的衛生，對於防止感染的傳播來說極為重要。

diagnose (v) 確定疾病或問題

prescribe (v) 指示需要的藥物

treatment (n) 給予病人的醫療照護

New technologies such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) have made it easier for doctors to diagnose health conditions and prescribe the best treatment.

新技術，例如MRI（磁振造影），使醫生更容易診斷健康問題並開立最佳治療方案。

6-2 練習題

A. Match the terms with the correct examples.

1. a diagnostic procedure

2. a symptom

3. a prescription

4. a perception

5. a type of surgery

6. a virus

7. bacteria

a. heart transplant

b. chickenpox

c. headache

d. MRI scan

e. dislike

f. E. coli

g. antibiotics

字彙建構

字根-scribe可以構成好幾個與「書寫」有關的單字：describe（描述）、transcribe（抄寫）、prescribe（開處方）、inscribe（銘刻）、subscribe（訂閱）。

B. Circle the correct word to complete each sentence.

1. The interaction of two drugs may increase the risk of ——–.

a. symptoms  b. side-effects  c. infection

2. ——– medicines cannot be bought over the counter.

a. prescription  b. diagnosis  c. treatment

3. Most cases of mental illness have a ——– cause.

a. bacterial  b. neurological  c. perceptive

4. New medical ——– can help to diagnose illnesses earlier.

a. surgery  b. anesthesia  c. procedures

5. The ——– of heart disease are chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness.

a. symptoms  b. treatment  c. diagnosis

6. Patients with diabetes usually have to ——– their blood sugar level.

a prescribe  b. persist  c. monitor

7. A surgeon has to ——– the patient’s symptoms in order to make a diagnosis.

a. monitor  b. interpret  c. prescribe

6-3 托福模擬試題

A. Read the passage and choose the best answer.

Modern Surgery Techniques

Surgery has traditionally been a medical practice that required invasive procedures to treat various illnesses and health conditions. The benefits of removing diseased organs far outweighed the possibly harmful and traumatic effects of cutting into the human body. Modern technology, however, has enabled the development of non-invasive and minimally invasive surgical techniques that allow surgeons to operate while making minor or no incisions.

Non-invasive procedures refer to techniques that do not require any incision into the skin. Examples of non-invasive techniques include ultrasound, X-rays, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), all of which are used for diagnostic purposes. MRI scans, for example, can help diagnose multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, cancer, and strokes, to name just a few conditions. Minimally-invasive surgery refers to surgical techniques that require only the smallest possible incision into the skin. With keyhole surgery, for example, specially designed surgical scopes and instruments are inserted through the incision, enabling surgeons to gain access to the organs requiring treatment. Recent advances in robotic surgery have also allowed a greater flexibility and range of procedures to be addressed.

The benefits of this approach for the patient are numerous. Specifically, these procedures result in fewer complications for the patient in terms of recovery. There is also less likelihood of infection and less need for antibiotics or other drugs. Recovery time is faster and therefore time spent in hospital is shorter and considerably cheaper.

1. In paragraph 1, the author mentions invasive procedures in order to

○ make the point that there are many different types of procedures.

○ clarify the meaning of minimally invasive techniques.

○ highlight the difference between traditional and modern surgery.

○ give an example of surgical progress.

2. How does paragraph 2 relate to paragraph 3?

○ They each present a different type of medical procedure.

○ They contrast modern with traditional surgical techniques.

○ Paragraph 3 gives a further example of the procedure in paragraph 2.

○ Paragraph 3 describes advantages of the technique described in paragraph 2.

3. According to the passage, what is the main benefit of non-invasive techniques?

○ To treat illnesses

○ To identify illnesses

○ To reduce recovery time

○ To save money

4. According to the passage, what is one advantage of minimally invasive medical procedures?

○ They minimize recovery time.

○ They help diagnose major health conditions.

○ They are less complicated.

○ They require special instruments.

5. The word incisions is closest in meaning to

○ cuts.

○ illnesses.

○ techniques.

○ instruments